Periodontal diseases are infections that affect the tissues and bone that support teeth. Generally, the more severe the disease, the greater the pocket depth and bone loss. The enlarged pockets allow harmful bacteria to grow and make it difficult to practice effective oral hygiene. Left untreated, periodontal diseases may eventually lead tooth loss. 75% of the population has periodontal disease.
Causes of Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease starts when bacteria in plaque produce toxins and enzymes that irritate the gums and causes inflammation. Plaque is the sticky, colorless film that forms on teeth surfaces lining the mouth constantly. The inflammation, which may not hurt, can damage the attachment of the gums and bone to the tooth.
Brushing twice a day and flossing can help reduce plaque film. Plaque that is not removed regularly can harden into rough deposits called tartar. Tartar by itself does not seem to cause periodontal disease, but it typically makes it more difficult to remove plaque that can thrive on, in or near the tartar. Once hardened tartar forms, it can only be removed with cleaning at the dental office.
There are many different types of periodontal diseases and they all can affect anyone at different ages.
Gingivitis is the mildest form causes gums to become red, swollen, and bleed real easy. There is typically little or no discomfort. Gingivitis can be reversed with professional treatment and good home oral care.
Chronic Periodontitis results in inflammation in the supporting tissues of the teeth. It is characterized by pocket formation and recession of gum tissue. Progression of attachment loss usually occurs slowly, but periods of rapid progression can occur.
Aggressive Periodontitis is a very destructive for of periodontal disease. It features rapid loss of tissue attachment and destruction of bone. Aggressive Periodontitis may occur in localized or generalized patterns.
How would I know if I had Periodontal Diseases?
Gums that bleed easily
Red, swollen, or tender gums
Gums that have pulled away from your teeth
Persistent bad breath
Loose or separating teeth
A change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
Are you at risk?
Over half of all perio disease is due to current or past smoking
People who smoke or chew tobacco are at 3 to 5 times greater risk
Systemic diseases, such as diabetes, blood cell disorders, HIV infections, and AIDS
Many medications - such as steroids, some types of anti-epilepsy drugs, cancer therapy drugs, blood pressure drugs and oral contraceptives
Genetics may play a role. Some patients may be predisposed to a more aggressive, severe type of periodontitis.
